Lewis Structure For Dimethyl Ether
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| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name Methoxymethane[1] | |||
| Other names Dimethyl ether[i] | |||
| Identifiers | |||
| CAS Number |
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| 3D model (JSmol) |
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| Abbreviations | DME | ||
| Beilstein Reference | 1730743 | ||
| ChEBI |
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| ChEMBL |
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| ChemSpider |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.696 | ||
| EC Number |
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| KEGG |
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| MeSH | Dimethyl+ether | ||
| PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII |
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| Un number | 1033 | ||
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| InChI
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| SMILES
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| Backdrop | |||
| Chemic formula | C 2 H 6 O | ||
| Molar mass | 46.069 thou·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colorless gas | ||
| Odour | Ethereal[2] | ||
| Density | 2.1146 kg/m3 (gas, 0 °C, 1013 mbar)[two] 0.735 1000/mL (liquid, -25 °C)[2] | ||
| Melting indicate | −141 °C; −222 °F; 132 K | ||
| Humid bespeak | −24 °C; −11 °F; 249 K | ||
| Solubility in water | 71 one thousand/L (at 20 °C (68 °F)) | ||
| log P | 0.022 | ||
| Vapor force per unit area | 592.viii KPa @ 25°C [iii] | ||
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -26.3·10−half dozen cmiii/mol | ||
| Dipole moment | i.30 D | ||
| Thermochemistry | |||
| Heat capacity (C) | 65.57 J K−1 mol−1 | ||
| Std enthalpy of | −184.1 kJ mol−i | ||
| Std enthalpy of | −1.4604 MJ mol−1 | ||
| Hazards | |||
| GHS labelling:[4] | |||
| Pictograms |   | ||
| Signal discussion | Danger | ||
| Hazard statements | H220, H280 | ||
| Precautionary statements | P210, P377, P381, P403 | ||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | two 4 ane | ||
| Wink bespeak | −41 °C (−42 °F; 232 One thousand) | ||
| Autoignition | 350 °C (662 °F; 623 Chiliad) | ||
| Explosive limits | 27% | ||
| Safety data canvas (SDS) | ≥99% Sigma-Aldrich | ||
| Related compounds | |||
| Related ethers | Diethyl ether Polyethylene glycol | ||
| Related compounds | Ethanol Methanol | ||
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references | |||
Dimethyl ether (DME; also known as methoxymethane) is the organic chemical compound with the formula CH3OCH3, (sometimes ambiguously simplified to C2H6O every bit it is an isomer of ethanol). The simplest ether, it is a colorless gas that is a useful forerunner to other organic compounds and an aerosol propellant that is currently being demonstrated for use in a variety of fuel applications. It is an isomer of ethanol.
Production [edit]
Approximately 50,000 tons were produced in 1985 in Western Europe by aridity of methanol:[5]
- 2 CH3OH → (CHiii)twoO + HtwoO
The required methanol is obtained from synthesis gas (syngas).[6] Other possible improvements call for a dual catalyst system that permits both methanol synthesis and dehydration in the same process unit, with no methanol isolation and purification.[half-dozen] [vii] Both the one-pace and two-step processes in a higher place are commercially available. The two-step process is relatively simple and start-up costs are relatively low. A one-step liquid-phase process is in development.[6] [8]
From biomass [edit]
Dimethyl ether is a constructed second generation biofuel (BioDME), which can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass.[nine] The EU is considering BioDME in its potential biofuel mix in 2030;[10] Information technology tin can also be fabricated from biogas or methane from animal, food, and agronomical waste,[11] [12] or even from shale gas or natural gas.[xiii]
The Volvo Group is the coordinator for the European Customs Seventh Framework Programme projection BioDME[fourteen] [15] where Chemrec'south BioDME airplane pilot plant is based on blackness liquor gasification in Piteå, Sweden.[16]
Applications [edit]
The largest utilize of dimethyl ether is equally the feedstock for the production of the methylating agent, dimethyl sulfate, which entails its reaction with sulfur trioxide:
- CH
3 OCH
iii + SO
3 → (CH
three )
two So
4
Dimethyl ether can also be converted into acetic acid using carbonylation applied science related to the Monsanto acetic acid procedure:[5]
- (CH
3 )
two O + 2 CO + H2O → 2 CH3COiiH
Laboratory reagent and solvent [edit]
Dimethyl ether is a low-temperature solvent and extraction agent, applicative to specialised laboratory procedures. Its usefulness is limited by its low boiling point (−23 °C (−9 °F)), but the same property facilitates its removal from reaction mixtures. Dimethyl ether is the forerunner to the useful alkylating agent, trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate.[17]
Niche applications [edit]
A mixture of dimethyl ether and propane is used in some over-the-counter "freeze spray" products to treat warts, by freezing them.[18] [19] In this role, information technology has supplanted halocarbon compounds (Freon).
Dimethyl ether is too a component of sure high temperature "MAP-plus" blowtorch gas blends, supplanting the use of methyl acetylene and propadiene mixtures.[20]
Dimethyl ether is also used as a propellant in aerosol products. Such products include hair spray, bug spray and some droplets glue products.
Inquiry [edit]
Fuel [edit]
Installation of BioDME synthesis towers at Chemrec'south pilot facility
A potentially major use of dimethyl ether is every bit substitute for propane in LPG used as fuel in household and manufacture.[21] Dimethyl ether can also exist used as a blendstock in propane autogas.[22]
It is likewise a promising fuel in diesel engines,[23] and gas turbines. For diesel engines, an advantage is the high cetane number of 55, compared to that of diesel fuel from petroleum, which is 40–53.[24] Only moderate modifications are needed to convert a diesel engine to burn dimethyl ether. The simplicity of this short carbon chain compound leads during combustion to very depression emissions of particulate matter. For these reasons besides equally being sulfur-free, dimethyl ether meets even the almost stringent emission regulations in Europe (EURO5), U.S. (U.S. 2010), and Japan (2009 Japan).[25]
At the European Shell Eco Marathon, an unofficial World Championship for mileage, vehicle running on 100% dimethyl ether drove 589 km/liter (169.8 cm3/100 km), fuel equivalent to gasoline with a 50 cm3 deportation 2-stroke engine. As well every bit winning they beat the quondam standing tape of 306 km/liter (326.eight cm3/100 km), set past the same team in 2007.[26]
To report the dimethyl ether for the combustion process a chemic kinetic mechanism[27] is required which tin be used for Computational fluid dynamics adding.
Refrigerant [edit]
Dimethyl ether is a refrigerant with ASHRAE refrigerant designation R-E170. It is also used in refrigerant blends with e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, butane and propene. Dimethyl ether was the starting time refrigerant. In 1876, the French engineer Charles Tellier bought the ex-Elder-Dempster a 690 tons cargo ship Eboe and fitted a methyl-ether refrigerating plant of his design. The ship was renamed Le Frigorifique and successfully imported a cargo of refrigerated meat from Argentina. All the same the machinery could be improved and in 1877 some other refrigerated transport called Paraguay with a refrigerating plant improved past Ferdinand Carré was put into service on the Southward American run.[28] [29]
Safety [edit]
Unlike other alkyl ethers, dimethyl ether resists autoxidation[ citation needed ]. Dimethyl ether is also relatively non-toxic, although it is highly flammable. BASF Explosion Disaster on July 28, 1948 in Ludwigshafen was acquired by this chemical compound – 200 people died, a third of the industrial plant was destroyed.[30]
Information sheet [edit]
Routes to produce dimethyl ether [edit]
Routes to dimethyl ether.
Vapor pressure [edit]
- Experimental vapor pressures of dimethyl ether[31]
Come across also [edit]
- Methanol economy
References [edit]
- ^ a b "CHAPTER P-6. Applications to Specific Classes of Compounds". Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 703. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-00648. ISBN978-0-85404-182-four.
- ^ a b c Tape in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Found for Occupational Safety and Wellness
- ^ "Dimethylether". 19 Oct 2018. Archived from the original on vi Nov 2021. Retrieved 10 Nov 2020.
- ^ GHS: Record in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Found for Occupational Safety and Health
- ^ a b Manfred Müller, Ute Hübsch, "Dimethyl Ether" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005. doi:10.1002/14356007.a08_541
- ^ a b c "CHEMSYSTEMS.COM" (PDF). www.chemsystems.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 Nov 2009. Retrieved 1 Apr 2018.
- ^ P.South. Sai Prasad et al., Fuel Processing Engineering science, 2008, 89, 1281.
- ^ "Air Products Engineering science Offerings". airproducts.com. Archived from the original on 12 December 2007. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
- ^ "BioDME". www.biodme.eu. Archived from the original on 10 Apr 2020. Retrieved 1 Apr 2018.
- ^ "Biofuels in the European Union, 2006" (PDF). europa.eu. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 1 Apr 2018.
- ^ "Oberon Fuels Brings Production Units Online, Launching the Outset Northward American Fuel-grade DME Facilities". 7 June 2013. Archived from the original on 2021-05-06. Retrieved 2018-08-04 .
- ^ "Associated Gas Utilization via mini GTL" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-08-04. Retrieved 2018-08-04 .
- ^ Ogawa, Takashi; Inoue, Norio; Shikada, Tutomu; Inokoshi, Osamu; Ohno, Yotaro (2004). "Direct Dimethyl Ether (DME) synthesis from natural gas". Natural Gas Conversion 7, Proceedings of the seventh Natural Gas Conversion Symposium. Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis. Vol. 147. pp. 379–384. doi:10.1016/S0167-2991(04)80081-8. ISBN9780444515995.
- ^ "Domicile | Volvo Group". Archived from the original on 2009-05-25. Retrieved 2011-11-04 .
- ^ "Volvo Group - Driving prosperity through transport solutions". www.volvo.com. Archived from the original on half dozen June 2020. Retrieved ane April 2018.
- ^ Chemrec press release September 9, 2010 Archived June 12, 2017, at the Wayback Auto
- ^ T. J. Curphey (1988). "Trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate". Organic Syntheses. ; Collective Volume, vol. vi, p. 1019
- ^ "A Pharmacist'south Guide to OTC Therapy: OTC Treatments for Warts". July 2006. Archived from the original on 2010-06-17. Retrieved 2009-05-02 .
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Nutrient and Drug Assistants. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-04-20. Retrieved 2019-12-sixteen .
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived re-create as title (link) - ^ "Archived re-create" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2016-03-02 .
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "IDA Fact Sheet DME/LPG Blends 2010 v1" (PDF). aboutdme.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 1 Apr 2018.
- ^ Fleisch, T. H.; Basu, A.; Sills, R. A. (Nov 2012). "The Condition of DME developments in China and across, 2012". Journal of Natural Gas Science and Applied science. ix: 94–107. doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2012.05.012. Archived from the original on 2022-05-04. Retrieved 2020-11-21 .
- ^ nycomb.se, Nycomb Chemicals company Archived 2008-06-03 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Haldor Topsoe - Products & Services - Technologies - DME - Applications - DME equally Diesel fuel". Archived from the original on 2007-10-08. Retrieved 2011-11-04 . topsoe.com
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-01-07. Retrieved 2011-11-04 .
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived re-create as title (link), Conference on the Evolution and Promotion of Environmentally Friendly Heavy Duty Vehicles such as DME Trucks, Washington DC, March 17, 2006 - ^ "The Danish Ecocar Team - List of achievements". dtu.dk. Archived from the original on 17 Oct 2009. Retrieved i Apr 2018.
- ^ Shrestha, Krishna P.; Eckart, Sven; Elbaz, Ayman M.; Giri, Binod R.; Fritsche, Chris; Seidel, Lars; Roberts, William L.; Krause, Hartmut; Mauss, Fabian (2020). "A comprehensive kinetic model for dimethyl ether and dimethoxymethane oxidation and NO interaction utilizing experimental laminar flame speed measurements at elevated pressure and temperature". Combustion and Flame. 218: 57–74. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.04.016. hdl:10754/662921. S2CID 219772095. Archived from the original on 2022-05-04. Retrieved 2020-05-18 .
- ^ A history of the frozen meat trade, page 26-28
- ^ http://www.ashrae.org/technology/page/1933#et Archived 2012-01-03 at the Wayback Auto ASHRAE list of refrigerants
- ^ Welt im Motion-picture show 167/1948 Archived 2021-01-29 at the Wayback Machine. filmothek.bundesarchiv.de
- ^ Wu, Jiangtao; Liu, Zhigang; Pan, Jiang; Zhao, Xiaoming (2003-xi-25). "Vapor Pressure Measurements of Dimethyl Ether from (233 to 399) K". J. Chem. Eng. Data. 49: 32–34. doi:10.1021/je0340046. Archived from the original on 2022-05-04. Retrieved 2022-01-07 .
External links [edit]
- The International DME Association
- NOAA site for NFPA 704
- XTL & DME Institute
Lewis Structure For Dimethyl Ether,
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyl_ether
Posted by: robertsthenly.blogspot.com
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